Malluche, David. "Haratin activism in post-slavery Mauritania: Abolition, emancipation and the politics of identity." State, Society and Islam in the Western Regions of the Sahara: Regional Interactions and Social Change. Ed. Francisco Freire. London,: I.B. Tauris, 2022. 195–228.

Malluche, David. "Haratin activism in post-slavery Mauritania: Abolition, emancipation and the politics of identity." State, Society and Islam in the Western Regions of the Sahara: Regional Interactions and Social Change. Ed. Francisco Freire. London,: I.B. Tauris, 2022. 195–228. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 3 Sep. 2022.